How Septic Systems Work
A septic system has three main components:
1. The Septic Tank
The tank’s primary job is to separate solids from wastewater.
- In conventional systems, solids settle at the bottom and need to be pumped out regularly.
- In aerobic systems, oxygen-loving bacteria digest the solids, reducing or even eliminating the need for pumping.
2. The Disposal Field
Also known as the leach field, this area distributes the liquid from the tank across a wide underground zone, allowing it to soak into the soil.
3. The Soil
Soil is more than just dirt—it’s alive with microbes. These microscopic organisms naturally break down and purify the remaining waste in the water, making it safe for the environment and nearby drinking water sources.
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How the Septic System Works
As wastewater flows through the system, solids are removed in the tank, and liquids are filtered through the disposal field into the soil. Microbes in the soil complete the process by digesting the remaining contaminants—naturally purifying the water.
The Problem: Biomat Buildup
Conventional systems rely on anaerobic bacteria (those that live without oxygen) found in human waste. These bacteria form a slimy black layer known as biomat around the drainage pipes. While it helps maintain anaerobic conditions, over time this slime blocks water and air, eventually clogging the field.
Biomat buildup is responsible for 95% of septic system failures.
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